In The Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful
Preface
Praise be to Allah,
Lord of the Universe. May peace and blessings be upon Muhammad, the last of the prophets
and messengers, and upon his family and esteemed companions.
Hajj is one of the
best forms of worship and is one of the most sublime deeds because it is one of the
pillars of Islam that Allah sent Muhammad(may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon
him)with. A servant's religion is incomplete without it.
A form of worship
is only acceptable when the following is true.
1. One devotes it
to Allah alone, with a desire for the Hereafter. It cannot be done with the intention of
being seen among men or for worldly gain.
2. One follows the
Prophet's example, in words deeds. This cannot accomplished except knowledge of the
Sunnah.
The Hajj The Umrah Visiting
The Prophet's Mosque
Forms of Pilgrimage
There are three
forms of Hajj:
Tamattu'-Ifraad-Qiran
Tamattu': A
pilgrim wears Ihram for Umrah only during the months of Hajj, which means when he reaches
Makkah, he makes Tawaf and Sa'yi for Umrah. He then shaves or clips his hair. On the day
of Tarwiya, which is the eighth of Dhul-Hijja, he puts on his Ihram for Hajj only and
carries out all of its requirements.
Ifraad: A
pilgrim wears Ihram for Hajj only. When he reaches Makkah, he performs Tawaf for his
arrival and Sa'yi for Hajj. He doesn't shave or clip his hair as he doesn't disengage from
Ihram. Instead, he remains in Ihram till after he stones Jamrah Al-Aqaba on the Eid day.
It is permissible for him to postpone his Sa'yi for Hajj until after his Tawaf for Hajj.
Qiran: A
pilgrim wears Ihram for both Umrah and Hajj or he wears Ihram first for Umrah, then makes
intentions for Hajj before his Tawaf for Hajj. The obligations on one performing Ifraad
are the same as those on one performing Qiran, except that the latter must slaughter
whereas the former is not obligated to do so. The best of the three forms is Tamattu'. It
is the form that the prophet (may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) encouraged
his followers to perform. Even if a pilgrim makes intentions to perform Qiran or Ifraad he
is allowed to change his intentions to Tamattu'; he can do this even after he has
performed Tawaf and Sa'yi.
When the Prophet
(may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) performed Tawaf and Sa'yi during the
year of the Farewell Hajj with his companions, he ordered all those who hadn't brought
sacrificial animals to change their intentions for Hajj to intentions for Umrah. cut their
hair, and disengage from Ihram till Hajj. He said, " If I hadn't brought the
sacrificial animal, I'd have done what I've ordered you to do."
The Umrah
If a pilgrim wishes
to be ritually pure for Umrah, he should shed his clothing and bathe as he would after
sexual defilement, if convenient. He should perfume his head and beard with the best oil
he can find. There is no harm in what remains of it after Ihram.
Bathing for Ihram
is Sunnah for both men and women, including menstruating women and those experiencing
postnatal bleeding. After bathing and preparing himself, a. pilgrim, other than those
menstruating or experiencing postnatal bleeding, prays the obligatory prayer, if it is
time. Otherwise, he makes his intention by praying the two Sunnah Rakass which are made
each time Wudhu is performed.
When he finishes
his prayer he should say: "Here I am for Umrah, here I am, Oh Allah, here I am. Here
I am. You have no partner. Here I am. Surely all praise, grace and dominion is yours, and
you have no partner." [Talbeeyah].
A man raises his
voice when saying this and a woman says it so that only one beside her may hear her.
One in Ihram should
say the Talbeeyah as often as possible, especially when times and places change. For
example: when descending or ascending during travel or when day or night approach. He
should also ask Allah for His pleasure, for Heaven and seek refuge in Allah's mercy from
Hellfire.
One should say the
Talbeeyah during Umrah, starting from the time he puts on his Ihram till he starts Tawaf.
During Hajj he should say it starting from the time he puts on his Ihram till he starts to
stone Jamrah Al-Aqaba on the Eid day.
When a pilgrim
enters the Holy Mosque he puts forth his right foot first and says: "In the name of
Allah, may peace and blessings be upon the Messenger of Allah. Oh Allah, forgive me my
sins and open to me the doors of Your mercy. I seek refuge in Allah the Almighty and in
His Eminent Face and in His Eternal Dominion from the accursed Satan."
He approaches the
Black Stone, touches it with his right hand and kisses it. If this isn't possible, he
should face the Black Stone and point to it.
It is best not to
push and shove, causing harm and being harmed by other people.
When touching the
Stone, a pilgrim should say the following: "In the name of Allah, Allah is the
greatest. Oh, Allah, with faith in you, belief in Your book, loyalty to you, compliance to
the way of your Prophet Muhammad (may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)."
A pilgrim must
walk, keeping the Ka'bah on his left. When he reaches the Rukn Al Yamani he should touch,
but not kiss it, and say: " Our Lord, grant us good in this life and good in the
hereafter and save us from the punishment of the Hell fire. Oh Allah, I beg of You for
forgiveness and health in this life and in the Hereafter."
Each time he passes
the Black Stone he should say: "Allah is the Greatest."
During the
remainder of his Tawaf he may say what he pleases of supplications, mentioning Allah, and
recitation of Quran. This is because Tawaf, Sa'yi, and Stoning the Jamrah have been
devised for the purpose of mentioning Allah.
During this Tawaf
it is necessary for a man to do two things:
1. Al-ldhtebaa'
from the beginning of Tawaf until the end. Al-ldhtebaa' means placing the middle of one's
Reda' under his right arm and the ends of it over his left shoulder.
When he is finished
performing Tawaf, he may return his Reda' to its original state because the time for
Idhtebaa' is only during Tawaf.
2. Al-Raml during
the first three circuits. Al-Raml means speeding up one's pace with small steps. A pilgrim
should walk at a normal pace during his last four circuits.
When he completes
seven circuits of Tawaf, he approaches Maqam Ibrahim and recites: "And take ye the
station of Abraham as a place of Prayer" Chapter 2, Verse 125 [2:125].
He prays two short
Rakaas, as close as conveniently possible, behind Maqam Ibrahim. During the first Rakaa he
recites Surah Al-Kafirun [Chapter 109] and during the second one Surah Al-lkhlas[Chapter
112].
When he completes
the two Rakaas he should return to the Black Stone and touch it, if convenient. He goes
out to the Mesa'a and when he nears As-Safaa he recites: " Verily As-Safaa and
Al-Marwah are among the shrines of Allah " [2:158].
He ascends As-Safaa
until he is able to see the Ka'bah. Facing the Ka'bah and raising his hands, he praises
Allah and makes any supplications he chooses. The Prophet (may the peace and blessings of
Allah be upon him) prayed thus: "There is no Deity but Allah alone," three
times, supplicating in between.
He descends
As-Safaa and heads for Al-Marwah at a normal pace until he reaches the green marker. He
should then run fast until the next green marker. He continues toward Al-Marwah at a
normal pace. When he reaches it, he ascends it, faces the Qibla, raises his hands and
repeats what he said on As-Safaa. He descends Al-Marwah heading towards As-Safaa, taking
care to walk where walking is designated, and run where running is designated.
He continues this
procedure until he completes seven laps. Going from As-Safaa to Al-Marwah is a lap and
returning is another lap.
During his Sa'yi he
may recite what he wills of supplications, recitation of Qur'an, and mentioning Allah.
In completion of
Sa'yi he shaves his head. A woman clips her hair the length of a finger tip.
Shaving is
preferable, except when Hajj is near and there isn't sufficient time for hair to grow
back. In this case it's best to clip so that hair will remain for shaving during Hajj.
With that, Umrah is
completed. and a pilgrim is free to dress in other clothing, wear perfume and engage in
marital relations, etc.
TOP
The Hajj
In the forenoon of
the eighth day of Dhul-Hijja, a pilgrim purifies himself once again by bathing as he did
before Umrah in the place in which he is staying, if convenient. He puts on his Ihram and
says: " Here I am for Hajj. Here I am, oh Allah, here I am. Here I am. You have no
partner. Here I am. Surely all praise, grace and dominion is yours, and you have no
partners."
If he fears that
something will prevent him from completing his Hajj he should make a condition when he
makes his intentions, saying: " If I am prevented by any obstacle my place is
wherever I am held up." If he has no such fear, he doesn't make this condition.
A pilgrim goes to
Mina and there prays Dhuhr, Asr, Magrib, Isha and Fajr, shortening his four unit prayers
so as to make them two units each, without combining them.
When the sun rises,
he goes to Arafah and there prays Dhuhr and Asr combined at the time of Dhuhr, making each
one two units. He remains in Namira Mosque until sunset if possible. He remembers Allah
and makes as many supplications as possible while facing the Qibla.
The Prophet (may
the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) prayed thus: "There is no Deity but
Allah alone. He has no partner. All dominion and praise are His and He is powerful over
all things.
If he grows weary
it is permissible for him to engage in beneficial conversation with his companions or
reading what he can find of beneficial books, especially those concerning Allah's grace
and abundant gifts. This will strengthen his hope in Allah.
He should then
return to his supplications and be sure to spend the end of the day deep in supplication
because the best of supplication is the supplication of the day of Arafah.
At sunset he goes
from Arafah to Muzdalifah and there prays Magrib, Isha, and Fajr. If he is tired or has
little water, it is permissible for him to combine Magrib and Isha. If he fears that he
will not reach Muzdalifah until after midnight, he should pray before he reaches it for it
is not permissible to delay prayer until after midnight. He remains there, in Muzdalifah,
making supplications and remembering Allah till just before sunrise.
If he is weak and
cannot handle the crowd during Ar-Ramy, it is permissible for him to go to Mina at the end
of the night to stone the Jamrah before the arrival of the crowd.
Near sunrise, a
pilgrim goes from Muzdalifah to Mina. Upon reaching it he does the following:
a) He throws seven
consecutive pebbles at Jamrah Al-Aqaba which is the closest monument to Makkah, saying
Greatest," as he : "Allah is the throws each pebble.
b) He slaughters
the sacrificial animal, eats some of it, and gives some to the poor. Slaughter is
obligatory on the Mutamati and Qiran.
c) He shaves or
clips his hair; shaving is preferable. A woman clips her hair the length of a finger tip.
These three should
be done in the above order if convenient, but there is no restriction if one precedes
another.
With that, one is
allowed to come out of Ihram. He can wear other clothing and do everything that was lawful
before Ihram except engaging in marital relations.
He goes to Makkah
to perform Tawaf Al-lfadha and Sa'yi, also for Hajj. It is Sunnah to put perfume on before
going to Makkah.
With the completion
of this Tawaf and Sa'yi, a pilgrim is allowed to do everything that was lawful before
Ihram, including engaging in marital relations.
After performing
Tawaf and Sa'yi, he returns to Mina to spend the nights of the eleventh and twelfth days
there.
He stones the three
Jamrah in the afternoon of both the eleventh and twelfth days. He starts with the first
Jamrah, which is furthest from Makkah, then the middle one, and lastly Jamrah Al-Aqaba.
Each one should be stoned with seven consecutive pebbles accompanied by Takbeer. He stops
after the first and middle Jamrah to make supplications facing the Qibla. It is not
permissible to stone before noon on these two days. It is best to walk to the Jamrah, but
riding is permissible.
If he is in a hurry
after stoning on the twelfth day, he leaves Mina before sunset. But if he wishes to
prolong his stay, which is best, he spends the night of the thirteenth in Mina and stones
that afternoon in the same manner as on the twelfth day.
When he is ready to
return to his country, he makes Tawaf Al-Wadaa, which is seven circuits around the Ka'bah.
Menstruating women and women experiencing postnatal discharge are not obligated to perform
Tawaf Al-Wadaa.
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Visiting The Prophet's
Mosque
1. A pilgrim goes
to Madina before or after Hajj with the intention of visiting the Prophet's mosque and
praying in it. Prayer there is better than a thousand prayers elsewhere except in the Holy
Mosque in Makkah.
2. Upon reaching
the mosque he prays two Rakaas of salutation or performs any obligatory prayer that is
due.
3. He goes to the
grave of the Prophet (may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and he stands
before it. He greets him saying the " May the peace, mercy, and blessings of Allah be
upon you, oh Prophet. May Allah grant you a good reward on behalf of your people. "
He takes a step or
two to his right to position himself before Abu-Bakr and greets him saying : "May the
peace, mercy, and blessing of Allah be upon you. oh Abu-Bakr, Caliph of the Messenger of
Allah. May Allah be pleased with you and grant you a good reward on behalf of Muhammad's
people."
Then he takes a
step or two to his right to position himself before Umar and greets him saying: " May
the peace, mercy and blessings of Allah be upon you, oh Umar, Prince of the believers. May
Allah be pleased with you and grant you a good reward on behalf of Muhammad's
people."
4. In a state of
purity, he goes to pray in Qubaa Mosque.
5. He goes to
Al-Baqee to visit Uthman's grave (may Allah be pleased with him). He stands before it and
greets him saying: "May the peace, mercy and blessing of Allah be upon you,
oh Uthman Prince of
the believers. May Allah be pleased with you and grant you a good reward on behalf of
Muhammad's people." He greets any other Muslims in Al-Baqee.
6. He goes to Uhud
and visits the grave of Hamza (may Allah be pleased with him) and the other martyrs there
with him. He greets them and preys to Allah to grant them forgiveness, mercy, and
pleasure.
TOP
Notification
The following is
incumbent upon the Muhrim for Hajj or Umrah:
1. That he be
committed to Allah's religious obligations upon him such as prayer in its time (in
congregation for men).
2. That he avoids
what Allah has prohibited such as obscenity, inequity, and disobedience. if anyone
undertakes Hajj therein. Let there be no obscenity, nor wickedness, nor wrangling during
Hajj ~ [2:197].
3. That he avoids
harming the Muslims with words or actions within the Masha'ir or elsewhere.
4. That he avoids
all of the restrictions of Ihram:
a. He shouldn't
cause the loss of any of his hair or nails. A prick by a thorn and the like is
unobjectionable, even if there is bleeding.
b. He shouldn't
perfume himself, his clothing, his food or his drink after entering Ihram. He should also
abstain from cleansing himself with scented soap. There is no harm in what remains of the
effect of perfume used prior to Ihram.
c. He shouldn't
touch, kiss, etc. his spouse out of passion and, even worse, shouldn't have sexual
intercourse.
e. He shouldn't be
wed or propose to a woman for himself or others. f. He shouldn't wear gloves, although
there is no harm in wrapping the hands in cloth. This ruling goes for both men and women.
The following pertains specifically to men:
a) He cannot cover
his head with something that touches it, although there is no harm in the use of an
umbrella, the roof of a car or tent for shade. There is also no harm in carrying his
baggage atop his head. b) He cannot wear a shirt, turban, hooded cloak trousers, or shoes.
Only if he is unable to obtain an Ezar or sandals can he wear trousers or shoes.
c) He cannot wear
anything with the same qualities of the above mentioned such as an Abea', Qubaa, hat,
undershirt, etc.
It is permissible
for him to wear sandals, rings, glasses, a hearing aid. a watch, worn on his wrist or hung
from his neck, or a speech aid. It is permissible for him to cleanse himself with
unscented cleansers and to wash and scratch his head and body, even if some of his hair
falls unintentionally. In such a case there is no obligation on him because of it.
A woman cannot wear
a Niqab or Burqa'. The Sunnah is for her to uncover her face except if men not related to
her might see her, in which case it is obligatory for her to cover her face during Ihram
and otherwise.
Allah is the giver
of success. May His blessings be upon our Prophet Muhammad and all of his family and
companions.
By the needy before Allah, Muhammad As-Salih Al-Uthaimeen
Glossary
Abaya': cloak like,
woolen wrap.
Abu Bakr: first Muslim Caliph.
Al-Baqee': a place in Madina.
Al-ldhtebaa:placing the middle of the Reda' under the right arm and the
ends of it over the left shoulder during Tawaf.
Al-lkhlas: Chapter 112 (Purity of Faith).
Al-Kafirun: Chapter 109 of the Qur'an ( Those who reject Faith).
AlMarwah: name of the hillock where a Muslim begins Sa'yi.
Al-Raml: walking quickly but with small steps during the first three
circuits of Tawaf.
Arafah: the most important stop during Hajj, located beyond Muzdalifah.
Ar-Ramy-- The Stoning.
As-Safaa: name of the hillock where a Muslim ends his last lap of Sa'yi.
Asr: the afternoon prayer.
Burqa': a face veil like a Niqab.
Dhul-Hijja: the twelfth month of the Islamic calendar.
Dhuhr: the noon prayer.
Eid: celebration for Muslims.
Ezaar: lower cloth of Ihram.
Fajr: dawn prayer.
Hajj: official Muslim pilgrimage to Makkah.
Hamza: one of the Prophet's uncles and a martyr during the battle of
Uhud.
Ifraad: isolated form of Hajj.
Ihram: the ceremonial state of making Hajj or the Hajj garments
themselves. Isha night prayer.
Jamrah: Monument in Mina.
Jamrah Al-Aqaba: the monument closest to Makkah.
Ka'bah: the house of Allah in the Holy Mosque in Makkah.
Magrib: dusk prayer.
Maqam Ibrahim: the stepping stone of the prophet Abraham.
Mes'aa: the stretch between As-Safaa and Al-Marwah.
Masha'ir: ceremonial shrines.
Mina: one of the ceremonial shrines, a valley near Makkah.
Muhammad-- the last of the prophets, the prophet of Islam.
Muhrim: a person in Ihram.
Mutamati: a pilgrim performing Hajj Tamattu'.
Muzdalifah: one of the ceremonial shrines of Hajj, between Mina and
Arafah.
Namira: mosque in Mina.
Niqab: a face veil revealing the eyes through slashes
Qiran: a pilgrim performing Hajj Qiran.
Qibla: the direction Muslims face to pray.
Qiraan: Accompanied form of Hajj.
Quba: a mosque in Madina, used to be on the outskirts.
Qur'an: the Book of Allah.
Rakaa: a unit of prayer.
Reda': the upper cloth of Ihram.
Rukn Al-Yamani: the corner of the Ka'bah which faces Yemen.
Sa'yi: the walk made between As-Safaa and Al-Marwah.
Sunnah: way of the Prophet.
Surah: a chapter of the Qur'an.
Takbeer: saying "Allahu Akbar ("Allah is Greatest")
Talbeeya: the supplication a Muslim recites once he is in Ihram and has
made his intention.
Tamattu': enjoyable form of Hajj.
Tarwiyya: the eighth of Dhul-Hijja.
Tawaf: circumambulation of the Ka'bah
Tawaf Al-lfadha: tawaf for Hajj.
Tawaf Al-Wadaa: farewell Tawaf.
Uhud: the name of a mountain in Medina and the site of the battle by this
name.
Umar: the second Muslim Caliph and first Prince of the believers.
Umrah-minor Hajj: the combination of Tawaf and Sa'yi.
Uthman: the third Muslim Caliph and second Prince of the believers.
Wudhu: ablution. |
